How to Make Water From Hydrogen and Oxygen

How to Make Water From Hydrogen and Oxygen Water is the common name for dihydrogen monoxide or H2O. The molecule is produced from numerous chemical reactions, including the synthesis reaction from its elements, hydrogen, and oxygen. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: 2 H2 O2 → 2 H2O How to Make Water In theory, its easy to make water from hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Mix the two gases together, add a spark or sufficient heat to provide the activation energy to start the reaction, and presto- instant water. Merely mixing the two gases at room temperature, however, wont do anything, like hydrogen and oxygen molecules in the air dont spontaneously form water. Energy must be supplied to break the covalent bonds that hold H2 and O2Â  molecules together. The hydrogen cations and oxygen anions are then free to react with each other, which they do because of their electronegativity differences. When the chemical bonds re-form to make water, additional energy is released, which propagates the reaction. The net reaction is highly exothermic, meaning a reaction that is accompanied by the release of heat. Two Demonstrations One common chemistry demonstration is to fill a small balloon with hydrogen and oxygen and to touch the balloon- from a distance and behind a safety shield- with a burning splint. A safer variation is to fill a balloon with hydrogen gas and to ignite the balloon in the air. The limited oxygen in the air reacts to form water but in a more controlled reaction. Yet another easy demonstration is to bubble hydrogen into soapy water to form hydrogen gas bubbles. The bubbles float because they are lighter than air. A long-handled lighter or burning splint at the end of a meter stick can be used to ignite them to form water. You can use hydrogen from a compressed gas tank or from any of several chemical reactions (e.g., reacting acid with metal). However you do the reaction, its best to wear ear protection and maintain a safe distance from the reaction. Start small, so that you know what to expect. Understanding the Reaction French chemist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier named hydrogen, Greek for water-forming, based on its reaction with oxygen, another element Lavoisier named, meaning acid-producer. Lavoisier was fascinated by combustion reactions. He devised an apparatus to form water from hydrogen and oxygen to observe the reaction. Essentially, his setup employed two bell jars- one for hydrogen and one for oxygen- that fed into a separate container. A sparking mechanism initiated the reaction, forming water. You can construct an apparatus the same way as long as you are careful to control the flow rate of oxygen and hydrogen so that you dont try to form too much water at once. You also should use a heat- and shock-resistant container. Role of Oxygen While other scientists of the time were familiar with the process of forming water from hydrogen and oxygen, Lavoisier discovered the role of oxygen in combustion. His studies eventually disproved the phlogiston theory, which had proposed that a fire-like element called phlogiston was released from matter during combustion. Lavoisier showed that a gas must have mass for combustion to occur and that the mass was conserved following the reaction. Reacting hydrogen and oxygen to produce water was an excellent oxidation reaction to study because nearly all the mass of water comes from oxygen. Why We Cant Just Make Water? A 2006 report by the United Nations estimated that 20 percent of people on the planet dont have access to clean drinking water. If its so hard to purify water or desalinate sea water, you might be wondering why we dont just make water from its elements. The reason? In a word- BOOM! Reacting hydrogen and oxygen is basically burning hydrogen gas, except rather than using the limited amount of oxygen in the air, youre feeding the fire. During combustion, oxygen is added to a molecule, which produces water in this reaction. Combustion also releases a lot of energy. Heat and light are produced so quickly that a shock wave expands outward. Basically, you have an explosion. The more water you make at once, the bigger the explosion. It works for launching rockets, but youve seen videos where that went horribly wrong. The Hindenburg explosion is another example of what happens when a lot of hydrogen and oxygen get together. So, we can make water from hydrogen and oxygen, and chemists and educators often do- in small quantities. Its not practical to use the method on a large scale because of the risks and because its much more expensive to purify hydrogen and oxygen to feed the reaction than it is to make water using other methods, to purify contaminated water, or to condense water vapor from the air.

Append Formatted Lines Using SelText and SelStart

Append Formatted Lines Using SelText and SelStart The TRichEdit Delphi control is a wrapper for a Windows rich text edit control. You can use a Rich Edit control to display and edit RTF files. While you can create nice user interface around the Rich Edit control with toolbar buttons to set and change text display attributes, adding formatted lines to Rich Edit programmatically is fairly cumbersome - as you will see. How to Add Formatted Lines to Rich Edit To create bold text from a selection of text displayed in the Rich Edit control, at runtime, you need to make a section of text and then set the selections properties to SelAttributes. However, what if youre not dealing with a selection of text and instead want to add (append) formatted text to a Rich Edit control? You might think Lines property can be used to add bold or colored text to Rich Edit. However, Lines is a simple TStrings and will accept only plain, unformatted text. Dont give up - of course, theres a solution. Look at this example for some help: //richEdit1 of type TRichEdit with richEdit1 do begin //move caret to end SelStart : GetTextLen; //add one unformatted line SelText : This is the first line #13#10; //add some normal font text SelText : Formatted lines in RichEdit #13#10; //bigger text SelAttributes.Size : 13; //add bold red SelAttributes.Style : [fsBold]; SelAttributes.Color : clRed; SelText : About; //only bold SelAttributes.Color : clWindowText; SelText : Delphi ; //add italic blue SelAttributes.Style : [fsItalic]; SelAttributes.Color : clBlue; SelText : Programming; //new line SelText : #13#10; //add normal again SelAttributes.Size : 8; SelAttributes.Color : clGreen; SelText : think of AddFormattedLine custom procedure...; end; To start, move the caret to the end of the text in the Rich Edit. Then, apply formatting before you actually append the new text.

Visual Re-design of an Existing Logo for a Company or Product with a Essay

Visual Re-design of an Existing Logo for a Company or Product with a Series of Visual Ideas to Support a Communications Campaign - Essay Example Logo has an important role to play because it is used to represent the organization in different marketing material, in packaging, in corporate kit including business cards, letter heads, post cards etc (Verhoef, & Leeflang 2009) and therefore a unique and attractive logo would gather the attention of the most whereas a boring and a dull logo would not be able to get the attention of people (Kumar, 2009). Today as industries have become highly competitive, every organisation needs to differentiate itself from the other firms and logo has an important role in differentiating a company with others (Pavitt, 2002). A logo is able to make the company stand out in the crowd and therefore an attractive logo could help in increasing the sales of the product particularly when consumers are buying without thinking too much (Blythe, 2008). This report analyses one of today’s leading brands of the fashion industry in the world, Christian Dior. The report examines what the logo of the comp any visually reflects and communicates to the target market. Also the report comes up after redesigning the logo of the company and recommends what the logo of the company should be. ... The company offers fashion clothing and other accessories and the main target market of the company are female particularly young females. As the company offers a lot to its target market, therefore the logo of the company should be such that it would be able to get the attention of people and reflect the target market about the offerings of the company. Logo of Christian Dior The logo of Christian Dior is just the name of the company written in Black and White. The logo of the company is has been shown in the following image: Also there is another variation in the logo of Christian Dior and the other variation is in inverted colours. The logo in inverted colours looks like the following image Visual understanding of logo It is important for the company to make sure that the logo of the company clearly reflects what the company offers to its client. A well prepared logo is able to get into the minds of the consumers and it is easily remembered by them. This is one of the reasons why many companies and entrepreneurs pay a lot of attention in designing the logo however companies that do not pay a lot of attention face consequences in the long run. The right combination of colours, image, style and overall look play an important role in the overall logo of the company and what it visually reflects to the audience (Zenker, & Martin, 2011). Therefore it is important to design the logo and to work on what the customers would perceive and understand from the logo of the company as the target market of the company would be able to recognise the brand from the logo. So, once the logo of the company is approved, the management needs to think over the logo and analyse from the perspective of a consumer what the

Holistic Health Assessment wk 4 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Holistic Health Assessment wk 4 - Research Paper Example Please follow the proper order of assessment techniques of Inspection, auscultation, percussion, and then deep and light palpation with exception to the abdomen, depending on the system. All assessment procedures must be completed unless otherwise instructed, regardless if they apply to your client. This is your time to practice and learn these techniques. You MAY NOT conduct assessment of the breast, female/ male genitalia, rectum, anus or prostate during your physical assessments. This is time consuming so plan to complete the assignment in detail.? Performance Objectives: Collect objective data utilizing inspection and palpation techniques and other appropriate techniques for the assessment of: abdomen. neurological and mental status. musculoskeletal system. Rubric Inadequate/ Incomplete data will result in 0 points earned as listed in the rubric N/A and Normal/WNL is not acceptable Submissions must be in narrative as listed in the Text required for assignment completion Comprehen sive Data Objective Data must include without omissions the Sample Documentation of Objective Data under each topical System listed in the required Text Book. Documented assessment findings should not be copied from the text or another source but based on your physical assessment data. ... Components Completed Acceptable Incomplete Information Documented Correct Format Assessment techniques will be document in the correct order of exam for each system. Includes: Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation (25 Point) Needs improvement, 2-3 errors in documentation (15 point) Incomplete or incorrect with 4 or more errors (0 Points) Data Sheet Accuracy Data sheet is accurate with zero to one error: Abdomen Neurological and mental status Musculoskeletal System Needs improvement, 2-3 errors in documentation (15 point) Incomplete or incorrect With 4 or more errors: CN by name, number and correct test CN1 with separate tests for each nostril MSK each by name, ROM and bilateral Reflexes with denominators Spelling Error Identifies normal, variations of normal, and abnormal findings Collects complete objective data items listed in textbook with zero to one error (25 point) Needs improvement, 2-3 errors in documentation (15 point) Incomplete or incorrect with 4 or more errors (0 point) Able to Document Findings Comprehensively Able to formulate articulate comprehensive statements of the objective data collected in narrative format with zero to one error (25 points) Needs improvement, 2-3 errors in documentation (15 point) Incomplete or incorrect with 4 or more errors (0 point) All assignments must be submitted and complete for completion of N3425 requirements. ANY LATE SUBMISSION OF ASSIGNMENTS WILL RECEIVE A GRADE REDUCED by 25% AS LATE PENALTIES. THE LATE PENALTIES MAY BE AVOIDED BY COMMUNICATING WITH YOUR COACHES VIA EMAIL. LATE PENALTIES ARE NOT APPLICABLE IF THE STUDENT HAS MADE PRIOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR LATE SUBMISSION WITH THE COACHES. Objective Data Sheet 1) Record in narrative format your objective data

Heroics of Women in Ibsens A Dolls House Essay -- A Dolls House Essays

Heroics of Women in Ibsens A Dolls House The Heroics of Women Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House† is a play about a young wife and her husband. Nora and Helmer seem to be madly in love with one another and very happy with their lives together. Yet the conflict comes into this show when Nora brags to her friend Ms. Linde about how she had forged her father’s name to borrow money to save her husband’s life and how she had been secretly paying off this debt. Helmer finds out about this crime and is furious, until he finds that no one will ever know about it. This entire conflict is written to bring to light the ridiculous social expectations demanded of both women and men. Ibsen expertly leads the audience into accepting that these social expectations are foolish and wrong. The audience buys into this so much that in the end when Nora stands firm and refuses to bow down to what society demands of her, we see her as the hero. The social expectations of men in the late nineteenth century was of a more patriarchal thought-line then it is today. The man of the house was expected to be the sole provider. This works best for the families of that time, because they believed that by natural design men alone were capable of managing money wisely and carefully. The first scene of the show we see Helmer and Nora acting out this belief. Helmer comes in and he and Nora argue over how much can be spent for Christmas. â€Å"Has the little spendthrift been out throwing money around again? (Ibsen 1569)† He naturally assumes that Nora, being a woman, is out frivolously wasting money. This belief comes very naturally to Helmer. He is the model man of his time, as well as this one. He has a bright future ahead, cares for his family, is kind to his w... ...e door of the apartment she begins her journey to find the truth and to leave the lies and illusions behind (Hemmer 82). She sets out to cure her childishness by going out to learn of life without someone coloring it to their pleasing for her. Nora’s faults that are present throughout the play are evidence of her childlike nature. Nora constantly is munching on and subsequently hiding candy, she off-handedly lies, and also can’t resist bragging to Ms. Linde about what she has done (Boyesen 214). Nora walks out the door to find herself and to learn of life. She leaves the audience much as Ms. Linde met them. She has no hope or future and is alone. She is paralleled to Rank by his exiting his life into the unknown of death completely alone, and she exits her life to enter the unknown of the real world, the world that had been hidden and kept from her (Northam 108)

Case Study Investigation Essay

Abstract This scientific research investigates about nowadays scientific advances. Two scientific advances which are RTerg and ultra-low-power digital memory have differences and similarities that were analyzed from 6 different internet resources. RTerg contribute more in human progress compared to the ultra-low-power digital memory because it can reduce death toll caused by tsunami. This research confirmed the thesis statement although some may have different opinions according to their different point of views, but it is recommended that RTerg should be properly placed and people that operate RTerg should be properly trained. 1.0 Introduction These days technology keeps improving and becoming more helpful to human beings. Now, technology can even prevent/reduce unnecessary death and can increase an object ability to its maximum capacity. This investigation purpose was to compare and contrast 2 different scientific advances. The  first scientific advance is called RTerg. RTerg is a new system which can warn of tsunamis within minutes. The second scientific advance is called ultra-low-power digital memory. This ultra-low-power digital memory is a new technology that would dramatically extend battery life for mobile devices. This research was expected to show that RTerg contribute more in human progress compared to the ultra-low-power digital memory. 2.0 Methodology This scientific case study investigation was based on 6 different internet sources. The first 3 sources were about the tsunami and the system, and the other 3 were about the new technology which can extend battery life. These sources were used to support the fact of this scientific investigation. The sources were used to compare and contrast the data and to find the differences and the similarities of the text discussed. The data was used to present the table. 3.0 Findings Topic 1 Aspects to be examined Topic 2 RTerg Scientific advance? Ultra-low-power digital memory Tsunami Issue? Battery life Earth science Part of science? Chemistry, Physics Andrew Newman, March 4, 2011 Discovered by? When? Eric Pop, March 10, 2011 Measurement of magnitude Previous strategy? Array of memory bits Reduce death tolls Contribution to human progress? Improves anything that uses battery Similarities: Cause good impacts Efficient New invention Contribute to human progress There are differences and similarities between both scientific advances. Both have different issue and historical perspective. The first scientific advance (RTerg) discuss about reducing death toll caused by tsunami and before it was invented, they used a strategy by measuring the magnitude. The second topic discussed about the battery life which drain fast. And before, the strategy used was by creating arrays of memory units which operate together. The first topic is part of earth science since tsunami is a natural disaster and was discovered by Andrew Newman, March 4, 2011. The second topic is part of chemical and physical science because they need to count the energy use and the material they should use to produce efficient battery, and was discovered by Eric Pop, March 10, 2011. The similarities contribute in bringing good impact and efficient in human life, also both are still considered as new technologies. 4.0 Discussion The new system which can warn of tsunamis within minutes (RTerg) is very useful because tsunamis may occur anytime and people usually are unaware of the signs, which may cause large amount of death. The most destructive and deadliest tsunami happened in 2004. The tsunami killed almost 250,000 people in Sumatra, Indonesia (Phillips 2011) because the citizens/communities didn’t get enough information of what will happen and some didn’t get the proper knowledge about the signs before tsunami that made them unaware and became victim of this destructive and deadly disaster. With this new system, death rate caused by tsunami can be reduced or even prevented. This new system inform the population near the location to evacuate to safer place only minutes after the initial earthquake because people usually didn’t realize the signs of tsunami since the earthquake felt like an order of  magnitude smaller than it supposed to be (New system can warn of tsunamis within minut es 2011). This new ultra-low-power digital memory is also useful to human progress because people can communicate longer and save their time waiting for their mobile devices to fully charge. Gadgets these days usually run out of battery after few hours of full use and wouldn’t last for a day. This new technology is also important to other devices that use battery, for example, satellites, military equipment, etc. (New technology would dramatically extend battery life for mobile devices 2011). Apart from long lasting battery life, this new battery is small in size. This battery use ultra-low-power memory to minimize the energy used for mobile activity. The battery also use nanotubes which is known for its extraordinary stability, since they are not vulnerable to degradation which can cause plague metal wires. (New technology would dramatically extend battery life for mobile devices 2011) RTerg is expected to contribute more in human progress because RTerg warn peoples/citizens near impact zone before the tsunami happens and they can be more prepared to what will happen next. Lives will be saved, those lives may be one of the peoples who will be successful in the future and they may invent more advanced technology. The research was effective since the sources used for this research was easy to obtain. 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations To conclude, RTerg contributes more to human progress compared to the new technology which can extend battery life because the warning by the RTerg can save thousands of life. It is recommended that: 1. RTerg should be installed in places where tsunamis happen often 2. People who operates RTerg should be properly trained so RTerg can work with its maximum ability 3. People should read about this report so they may know more about this information References New technology would dramatically extend battery life for mobile devices (2011), (e) Science News [online]. Available from: http://esciencenews.com/articles/2011/03/10/new.technology.would.dramatically.extend.battery.life.mobile.devices [Accessed 10 March 2014] Two Technologies Could Significantly Increase Your Next Smartphone’s Battery Life (2011), Brighthand [online]. Available from: http://www.brighthand.com/default.asp?newsID=18391&news=Battery+technology+Qualcomm+Mirasol+displays+Improving [Accessed 10 March 2014] Nanostructures Boost Battery Life Fivefold (2013), MIT Technology Review [online]. Available from: http://www.technologyreview.com/news/509501/nanostructures-boost-battery-life-fivefold/ [Accessed 10 March 2014] New system can warn of tsunamis within minutes (2011), (e) Science News [online]. Available from: http://esciencenews.com/articles/2011/03/04/new.system.can.warn.tsunamis.within.minutes [Accessed 10 March 2014] Phillips, C. (2011), The 10 most destructive tsunamis in history, Australian Geographic [online]. Available from: http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/science-environment/2011/03/the-10-most-destructive-tsunamis-in-history/ [Accessed 10 March 2014]

The Ultimate Management Challenge For A Family Business

In this week’s chapter The Ultimate Management Challenge we read about succession plans and what that can mean for a family business. According to the reading about 40% of businesses in the world are family businesses that have more than one generation working for them and will have to come up with a succession plan if they don’t already have one. A Succession plan is simply passing on the business leadership and power from one senior generation to another younger generation. When reading this book I learned a lot about the rags to rags, shirtsleeves to shirtsleeves phenomenon, and why it can and does occur, as well as 2 main things a family business must have to be successful. If the new generation comes in with the same enthusiasm and values as the previous generation then the transition to new management will be much easier and in theory there will still be a company for the upcoming generations to be a part of and profit from, this is the idea of rags to riches. 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